Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. Tanz RR. Acute pharyngitis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Reviewed by: Linda J. Editorial team. Pharyngitis - sore throat Pharyngitis - bacterial; Sore throat. Structures of the throat include the esophagus, trachea, epiglottis and tonsils. Causes Pharyngitis is caused by swelling in the back of the throat pharynx between the tonsils and the voice box larynx. Most sore throats are caused by colds, the flu, coxsackie virus or mono mononucleosis.
Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis in some cases: Strep throat is caused by group A streptococcus. Less commonly, bacterial diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause sore throat. Symptoms The main symptom is a sore throat.
Other symptoms may include: Fever Headache Joint pain and muscle aches Skin rashes Swollen lymph nodes glands in the neck. Exams and Tests Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and look at your throat. Treatment Most sore throats are caused by viruses. Sore throat is treated with antibiotics if: A strep test or culture is positive. Your provider cannot diagnose strep throat by symptoms or a physical exam alone.
A culture for chlamydia or gonorrhea is positive. Sore throat caused by the flu influenza may be helped by antiviral medicines. The following tips may help your sore throat feel better: Drink soothing liquids. You can either drink warm liquids, such as lemon tea with honey, or cold liquids, such as ice water. Sore throats are usually caused by viruses like cold or flu or from smoking. Very occasionally they can be caused by bacteria. Page last reviewed: 05 February Next review due: 05 February Sore throat.
How to treat a sore throat yourself To help soothe a sore throat and shorten how long it lasts, you can: gargle with warm, salty water children should not try this drink plenty of water eat cool or soft foods avoid smoking or smoky places suck ice cubes, ice lollies or hard sweets — but do not give young children anything small and hard to suck because of the risk of choking rest How to gargle with salt water Dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water warm water helps salt dissolve.
Gargle with the solution, then spit it out do not swallow it. Repeat as often as you like. Video: how to treat a sore throat This video shows you how to treat a sore throat. A sore throat can also feel dry and scratchy. Sore throat can be a symptom of strep throat, the common cold, allergies, or other upper respiratory tract illness. The following symptoms suggest a virus is the cause of the illness instead of the bacteria called group A strep:.
Symptoms of sore throat, whether caused by viruses or by the bacteria called group A strep, can often be similar. Sometimes someone with strep throat also has a rash known as scarlet fever also called scarlatina. A healthy throat and a sore throat, including uvula and tongue, showing inflamed tonsils. More about scarlet fever strep throat. See a doctor if you or your child have symptoms of strep throat. You or your child may need to be tested for strep throat. This list is not all-inclusive.
Please see your doctor for any symptom that is severe or concerning. Follow up with a doctor if symptoms do not improve within a few days, get worse, or if you or your child have recurrent sore throats. A doctor will determine what type of illness you have by asking about symptoms and doing a physical examination.
Sometimes they will also swab your throat. More about rheumatic fever. Since bacteria cause strep throat, antibiotics are needed to treat the infection and prevent rheumatic fever and other complications. A doctor cannot tell if someone has strep throat just by looking in the throat. If your doctor thinks you might have strep throat, they can do a test to determine if it is the cause of your illness.
Anyone with strep throat should stay home from work, school, or daycare until they no longer have fever AND have taken antibiotics for at least 12 hours. If a sore throat is caused by a virus, antibiotics will not help.
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